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Different
types of photovoltaic products are available today from numerous
manufacturers. The supply of PV collectors worldwide has increased from
20 to 30 percent annually to keep up with the demand for this renewable
energy technology. PV modules (or solar electric collectors) are
different from solar thermal collectors (that convert the sun's energy
into thermal (typically hot water) energy. Photovoltaic modules are
usually rigid, rectangular devices ranging in size from 2’ by
4’ to as large as 4’ by 8’. Some PV module
technologies are flexible and as large as 2’ by about 20’
or even larger. Rigid PV modules typically have a glass cover while the
flexible modules have a very durable film cover. Both types of PV
module construction have been rigorously tested to survive storm and
hail damage and are resistant to degradation from ultra-violet rays.
Most residential PV systems are used in conjunction with utility-supplied power. Excess power produced during daylight hours can be fed back into the utility's lines, while utility electricity is used in the home when the house demand is greater than can be supplied by the PV roofing. Typical residential PV systems commonly have a peak power production of between 1,200 and 5,000 watts, AC - requiring from between 150 to over 1,000 square feet of installed area depending on the efficiency of the PV technology used.
Most often, PV panels are installed on roofs, but they can also be installed as free-standing units, on a pole on the ground, or even on complex tracking structures that change with the sun's angle during the day.
Josh